Al-Shabaab is a jihadist insurgency group based in Somalia and active in other parts of East Africa. It controls large swathes of territory in Somalia, currently collects more revenue than the government, and has been responsible for the assassination of Somali peace activists and international aid workers. When President Mohamud took office in May, he declared that bringing an end to the violence was a top priority.

The I2U2 is a joint agreement between India, Israel, the US and the UAE. It's aimed to increase collaboration between the members on investments and new initiatives in water, energy, transportation, space, health, and food security. There are future plans to expand the agreement to Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Within the Bundesliga, the 50+1 rule means that clubs – and, by extension, the fans - hold a majority of their own voting rights. Under German Football League [DFL] rules, football clubs will not be allowed to play in the Bundesliga if commercial investors have more than a 49 percent stake.

Karakalpakstan was an Auutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. When the USSR broke down, it briefly declared independence, before becommming an automous region of Uzbekistan on the condition it retain its autonomy. Karakalpakstan's population is approximately 5% of Uzbekistan's total population, but spans about 40% of it's territory. The population speaks a language related to but distinct from Uzbek. Karakalpakstan has it's own parliament (the Jokargi Kenes) and constitution, but the Uzbek government still retains final power.

Recently, the Uzbekistan government attempted to pass constitutional amendments that would have stripped Karakalpakstan of it's constitutionally ingrained right to self-determination, with resulted in riots and demonstrations.

This motion would assign these unions the rights to negotiate on behalf of all their members, enforce participation in collective action, and hold protected strikes under legally defined terms.